As global population diversity increases, understanding population-shared and -specific risk factors of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is vital in translating research findings into population-oriented personalised medicine to prevent and treat the disease. In this public lecture, Professor Alfredo Ramirez and Dr. Xiaochen Hu will share their research findings using structural and functional MRI, which have shown inconsistencies in the relationship between brain network alterations and AD pathology, highlighting that genetics and fluid biomarkers might also behave differently across populations.